Debunking the Myths About SSRIs

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has made waves with claims that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are inherently dangerous. He wants to set up “wellness farms” to treat people with “addictions” to not only opioids and drugs of abuse, but also ADHD medications and SSRIs. He is apparently basing the idea on programs like Italy’s San Patrignnano, where people live for 3-4 years to detox from their substance use. Programs like this been tried and failed in the US because scientifically proven medical treatments for addiction can safely be done in a fraction of the time, allowing people to safely return to their lives in a timelier fashion.

While skepticism about medications and the desire to treat conditions naturally are understandable, his public statements contribute to a growing wave of misinformation that can lead people to avoid essential treatments. Fear can easily override facts and lead to significant risks and consequences.

The reality is that SSRIs are some of the most extensively studied psychiatric medications. When prescribed appropriately, they provide life-changing benefits for children, teens, and adults struggling with anxiety and depression. Misinformation that stokes fear without scientific backing can prevent people from seeking treatment, leading to devastating consequences.

Understanding SSRIs

SSRIs, such as fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft), increase serotonin levels in the brain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood, anxiety, and emotional stability. Normal serotonin levels lead to feeling more focused, emotionally stable, happier, and calmer. Low serotonin levels are associated with anxiety and depression.

While we can naturally raise serotonin levels by eating foods rich in tryptophan, getting regular exercise and sufficient sleep, practicing mindfulness, building strong social networks, and managing stress, these things do not replace the need for medication in many people.

These medications have been extensively studied for decades and are the first-line treatment for moderate to severe depression and anxiety disorders in children and adults. (Mild anxiety and depression can often be effectively managed with therapy — see below.)

Clinical trials have shown that SSRIs can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, helping children function better at school and adults function better in their workplace, maintain social relationships, and reduce distressing emotions that interfere with their daily lives.

How SSRIs Enhance Therapy

Proven therapeutic techniques, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), can help people with anxiety and depression in significant ways, but it is often difficult for people with anxiety and depression to initiate therapy and practice these techniques. SSRIs can improve the effectiveness of therapy by making it easier for individuals to engage in the therapeutic process. They prime the brain to make positive changes through therapy.

Depression and anxiety can make it difficult to absorb new information and implement behavioral changes, as excessive worry and negative thought patterns create rigid mental barriers. By stabilizing mood and reducing overwhelming distress, SSRIs help patients focus on, reflect upon, and apply the strategies learned in therapy.

Research suggests that the combination of medication and therapy leads to more significant and sustained improvements in symptoms compared to either treatment alone.

Are SSRIs Dangerous for Kids? Examining the Evidence

One of the most commonly cited concerns is the "black box" warning about an increased risk of suicidal thoughts in children and adolescents starting an SSRI. While it is true that some individuals may experience an initial increase in suicidal ideation, the overall risk of suicide is significantly higher in untreated depression.

Research shows that a few youth may experience an increase in suicidal thoughts — but this does not mean they will act on them. On the other hand, untreated depression is one of the most significant risk factors for death by suicide.

The Risks of Not Treating Anxiety and Depression

Avoiding medication due to fear-driven propaganda ignores the serious risks of untreated anxiety and depression, which include:

1. Poor Academic Performance: Children with untreated depression struggle with concentration, memory, and motivation. These struggles can lead to declining grades and school avoidance, which in turn can lead to lower income potential, which further exacerbates stress and poor mental and physical health.

2. Increased Risk of Self-Medication: Teens in particular may turn to alcohol, drugs, or risky behaviors to cope with emotional distress when professional treatment is avoided.

3. Impaired Social Development & Connection: Anxiety and depression can make it difficult for children and teens to form friendships, engage in social activities, and develop confidence. People struggling with anxiety and depression often self-isolate. Friends and family may withdraw from those who are negative and down. This can further exacerbate anxiety and depression because strong social bonds are helpful for boosting mood and overall well-being.

4. Poor Physical Health: Anxiety and depression negatively impact sleep, reduce motivation for exercise, and contribute to poor nutrition, all of which can lead to long-term health issues such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and a weakened immune system.

5. Increased Risk of Suicide: Depression is one of the strongest predictors of suicidal behavior. Avoiding treatment due to misinformation could literally cost lives.

Weighing Risks and Benefits: Science Over Fear

Every medical treatment comes with risks, but the key is to compare them to the risks of not treating the condition. While SSRIs may have side effects, they are manageable and often subside over time. The risk of serious adverse effects is far outweighed by the benefits of treating depression and anxiety effectively.

Misinformation spreads fear, and fear leads to avoidance. Parents and individuals struggling with mental health conditions deserve accurate, science-based information — not sensationalized claims that prevent people from getting help.

If you or a loved one is struggling with anxiety or depression, consult with a medical professional to discuss all treatment options, including therapy and medication. Making informed decisions based on evidence — not fear — can be lifesaving.

Related post

I’ve written before about how not treating ADHD can pose risks. Much like with the SSRIs, we must evaluate the risks and benefits of the medication as well as risks and benefits of not treating the condition.